Catatonic excitement

From ArticleWorld

Catatonic excitement is a symptom of mental illness rather than a mental illness in itself. It is characterized by disturbances in motor activity such as agitated hyperactivity and movements which have no purpose. At times, the movements may become violent and directed either to themselves or to others.

Another state of catatonia is catatonic stupor which is characterized by such a state of apathy that there is no reaction to external stimuli. Someone in a state of catatonic stupor may assume a position and maintain it for hours or for months.

Some of the causes of catatonia include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, encephalitis and drug abuse which, in turn, may be due to physiological or psychological disturbances. Catatonia is rarely seen nowadays in industrialized countries though can be common elsewhere though no-one really knows why.

Catatonic schizophrenia

This is a severe lifelong mental illness which affects thinking, feeling and behaviour. It is thought to be caused by an abnormality of certain areas of the brain. If catatonic excitement is one of the symptoms, the movements are bizarre with no connection to the surroundings.

Depression with catatonic features

Someone suffering from severe depression may present similar symptoms to catatonic schizophrenia. It also occurs in those with other mood disorders. The cause of these conditions may be irregularities in the production of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Diagnosis and treatment

No laboratory test exists for the diagnosis of catatonia so it needs to be based on the presentation of specific movements such as strange ways of walking, ritualistic pacing or imitating gestures or repeating words. Medication such as benzodiazepines is usually prescribed and patients tend to respond quickly. For those who do not respond to medication, electroconvulsive therapy may be required.