Articular

From ArticleWorld

The articular surface is that aspect of bone that is designed specifically for the purposes of connecting to other bone. There is at least one articular surface on every bone in the body. Even the small bones of the ear have minute connections to one another.

Types

Articular surfaces on bones can look differently depending on the type of bone. Bones such as those of the bony pelvis connect via a cartilaginous bridge. The articular surfaces of the pubic ramus are rough and allow for the cartilage to burrow into and around the bone in order to connect the two halves of the pubic symphysis together.

Some articular surfaces can be connected by ligaments. These surfaces are also quite rough and allow for the ligaments to interconnect with bony features to secure the connection.

The majority of moveable joints have bones with specialized articular surfaces that are generally quite smooth. These articular surfaces can be outlined by a cartilaginous meniscus that helps keep the bones tightly together. A layer of smooth cartilage covers the surface to allow for easy sliding of one bony surface across another. The articular surface is also lined by a synovial membrane that secretes a lubricating synovial fluid that is necessary for repetitive, smooth movement.

Conditions

Many bony articular surfaces are at risk for wear-and-tear injuries. Weight bearing joints like the hip and knee can, over time, wear away the cartilaginous surface of the articular bone so that bone must pass over bone in the act of movement. This is generally quite painful and can result in the replacement of the joint with an artificial one. In some cases, an individual can receive an injection of a joint with a lubricating substance that can temporarily relieve the pain of a degenerated articular bony surface.