Achilles tendinitis

From ArticleWorld

Achilles tendonitis is an inflammatory condition of the Achilles tendon caused by overuse or injury to the tendon. It is a common injury in runners and sometimes in other athletes, such as gymnasts.

Anatomy and pathophysiology

The Achilles tendon is the large tendon that inserts the two portions of the gastrocnemius muscle in the posterior lower leg into the calcaneus bone in the heel. All of the power of the gastrocnemius muscle is dependent upon the strength and stability of the Achilles tendon. The tendon is associated with the plantar flexion of the foot. Behind the Achilles tendon is a bursa, or sac of lubricating fluid that helps the tendon rub smoothly across the calcaneus.

In overuse situations, the tendon is under almost constant tension and rubs excessively against the calcaneus bone, even with the cushioning effect of the bursa. Small tears in the tendon can occur and the damage results in an inflammatory response. The tendon and the bursa can become inflamed separately, although they often become inflamed together, leading to localized swelling, tenderness and sometimes redness. If the bursa fills with fluid as a result of being inflamed, a golf ball-sized lump can appear.

Treatment

Because Achilles tendonitis is an overuse injury, resting the affected area is always beneficial. Using an ace wrap for support can help to keep the ankle from moving much. Ice and anti-inflammatory medication can reduce inflammation. Heel supports can take the tension off the inflamed tendon. Gradually returning to normal exercise once the pain is improved may require the advice of a sports medicine specialist. The unfortunate complication of ignoring the pain of Achilles tendonitis is the complete rupture of the tendon, which requires a prolonged recovery.